AS 2193-2002

1 - AS 2193-2002 CALIBRATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF FORCE-MEASURING SYSTEMS
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
7 - FOREWORD
8 - SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
8 - 1.1 SCOPE
8 - 1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
9 - 1.3 DEFINITIONS
9 - 1.3.1 Terms relating to testing machine and force-measuring system calibration
10 - 1.3.2 Terms relating to force standardizing machines and to working force standards
12 - 1.3.3 Terms relating to the expression of uncertainty
13 - SECTION 2 REQUIREMENTS FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF TESTING MACHINES AND FORCE-MEASURING SYSTEMS
13 - 2.1 SCOPE
13 - 2.2 REQUIREMENTS FOR CLASSIFICATION
13 - 2.3 ASSESSMENT OF CALIBRATION
13 - 2.4 ASSIGNMENT OF CLASS
14 - SECTION 3 CALIBRATION OF TESTING MACHINES AND FORCE-MEASURING SYSTEMS
14 - 3.1 SCOPE
14 - 3.2 METHODS OF FORCE CALIBRATION
14 - 3.2.1 General
14 - 3.2.2 Calibration by weights
15 - 3.2.3 Calibration by elastic working force standards
16 - 3.3 FORCE CALIBRATION PROCEDURE
16 - 3.3.1 General
16 - 3.3.2 Calibration range
16 - 3.3.3 Preliminary inspection
16 - 3.3.4 Setting up
17 - 3.3.5 Application of forces
18 - 3.3.6 Number of readings
18 - 3.4 ASSESSMENT OF RESULTS OF FORCE CALIBRATION
18 - 3.4.1 Corrections to readings
19 - 3.4.2 Assessment of readability of indicated force
19 - 3.4.3 Assessment of repeatability of indicated force
19 - 3.4.4 Assessment of accuracy of indicated force
19 - 3.4.5 Estimation of uncertainty
19 - 3.5 CLASS OF FORCE SCALE
19 - 3.5.1 General
19 - 3.5.2 Single-range machines
19 - 3.5.3 Multi-range machines
20 - 3.5.4 Machines or force-measuring systems that indicate at discrete values of force
20 - 3.6 RECORD OF TEST RESULTS
20 - 3.7 REPORT OF CALIBRATION
21 - 3.8 TIME INTERVAL BETWEEN CALIBRATIONS
22 - 3.9 TEMPERATURE CORRECTIONS FOR ELASTIC WORKING FORCE STANDARDS
23 - SECTION 4 CALIBRATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF WORKING FORCE STANDARDS
23 - 4.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
23 - 4.2 WEIGHTS
23 - 4.2.1 General requirements for weights
23 - 4.2.2 Class of weights
23 - 4.2.3 Calibration of weights
23 - 4.3 ELASTIC WORKING FORCE STANDARDS
23 - 4.3.1 General
24 - 4.3.2 Principle of calibration
24 - 4.3.3 General requirements for elastic working force instruments
24 - 4.3.4 Replacement indicators for force transducers
24 - 4.3.5 Classes of elastic working force standards
25 - 4.3.6 Calibration procedure for elastic working force standards
27 - 4.4 CALIBRATION DATA MANIPULATION FOR ELASTIC WORKING FORCE STANDARDS
27 - 4.4.1 General
27 - 4.4.2 Deflection calculation
28 - 4.4.3 Zero deviation
28 - 4.4.4 Estimation of the coefficients for the calibration equation
28 - 4.4.5 Estimation of standard deviation
29 - 4.4.6 Calculation of Type A uncertainty
29 - 4.4.7 Calculation of combined uncertainty
30 - 4.4.8 Calculation of expanded uncertainty
31 - 4.5 ASSESSMENT FOR CLASS ALLOCATION OF ELASTIC WORKING FORCE STANDARDS
31 - 4.5.1 Point class
31 - 4.5.2 Continuous Class
31 - 4.6 REPORT
32 - 4.7 TIME INTERVAL BETWEEN CALIBRATIONS
33 - APPENDIX A - PURCHASING GUIDELINES
33 - A1 GENERAL
33 - A2 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED BY THE PURCHASER
33 - A2.1 For calibration and classification of testing machines or force-measuring systems
33 - A2.2 For calibration and classification of working force standards
34 - APPENDIX B - NOTES ON THE RESPONSE OF THE FORCE-MEASURING SYSTEM OF TESTING MACHINES
35 - APPENDIX C - VALUES OF ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY AT SELECTED LOCALITIES IN AUSTRALIA
36 - APPENDIX D - EXPLANATORY NOTES FOR THE CALIBRATION OF MULTIRANGE TESTING MACHINES
37 - APPENDIX E - EXAMPLE OF THE ESTIMATION OF UNCERTAINTY FOR FORCE-MEASURING SYSTEMS
37 - E1 GENERAL
38 - E2 EXAMPLE
41 - APPENDIX F - EXAMPLES OF CALCULATION OF DEFLECTIONS AND THE ESTIMATION OF UNCERTAINTY FOR WORKING FORCE STANDARDS
41 - F1 THE CALCULATION OF DEFLECTIONS
41 - F1.1 General
41 - F1.2 Calculation of the deflections associated with the readings in Table F1
41 - F1.3 Calculation of zero deviation for readings listed in Table F1
42 - F2 ESTIMATION OF THE EXPANDED UNCERTAINTY
42 - F2.1 Continuous Class
43 - F2.2 Point Class
47 - APPENDIX G - ALTERNATIVE METHOD FOR DETERMINING ERROR AND REPEATABILITY
47 - G1 SCOPE
47 - G2 PROCEDURE

Specifies a procedure to be used in the calibration of working force standards, that is performed in either primary or secondary force standardizing machines by applying forces of known magnitude and uncertainty and deriving a mathematical relationship between applied force and instrument readings. The estimation of the uncertainty associated with this mathematical relationship is included in the procedure.

This Standard specifies requirements for the static calibration of force-measuring instruments and their classification as working force standards. It also specifies the requirements for the static calibration of force-measuring systems of uniaxial testing machines and other force-measuring systems used for measuring the strength and other properties of materials, components, products and assemblies.The Standard covers the following subjects:(a) Classification requirements for force-measuring systems of testing machines and other force-measuring systems.(b) Procedures for the calibration of force-measuring systems.(c) Requirements for the calibration and the classification of working force standards used for the verification of force-measuring systems.NOTES: 1 Requirements for extensometers used in conjunction with tension and compression testing machines are given in AS 1545.2 Advice and recommendations on information necessary for the performance of calibration are contained in the purchasing guidelines set out in Appendix A.This Standard applies to testing machines and force-measuring systems which indicate in terms of the SI unit of force, the newton (N), or in arbitrary units.NOTE: Reference should be made to AS/NZS 1376 for the relationship between the newton and technical units of force.

First published as AS B128-1963.
Revised and redesignated as AS 2193-1978.
Second edition 2002.