AS 4991-2004

1 - AS 4991-2004 LIFTING DEVICES
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
8 - SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
8 - 1.1 SCOPE
8 - 1.2 LOAD DESIGNATIONS
8 - 1.3 NEW DESIGNS AND INNOVATIONS
8 - 1.4 INTERPRETATIONS
8 - 1.5 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
8 - 1.6 DEFINITIONS
9 - 1.6.1 Bins
9 - 1.6.2 C-hooks
9 - 1.6.3 Cam
9 - 1.6.4 Capacity
9 - 1.6.5 Clamps
9 - 1.6.6 Girder clamps
9 - 1.6.7 Gross load
9 - 1.6.8 Ladle handling equipment
9 - 1.6.9 Ladles
9 - 1.6.10 Lifting beams
9 - 1.6.11 Mobile equipment lifting attachment
10 - 1.6.12 Lifting forks
10 - 1.6.13 Lifting magnets
10 - 1.6.14 Pad
10 - 1.6.15 Payload
10 - 1.6.16 Plate clamps
10 - 1.6.17 Rated capacity
10 - 1.6.18 Tare mass
10 - 1.6.19 Tongs
10 - 1.6.20 Two-action control
11 - 1.6.21 Vacuum lifters
11 - 1.6.22 Working load limit (WLL)
12 - SECTION 2 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
12 - 2.1 GENERAL
12 - 2.2 LIFTING DUTY
12 - 2.2.1 Duty-specific application
12 - 2.2.2 Duty-general application
12 - 2.2.3 Hazardous and dangerous goods handling (including molten metal)
12 - 2.3 ATTACHMENT TO THE CRANE
13 - 2.4 ERGONOMICS
13 - 2.5 HANDLES
13 - 2.6 MULTIPLE LOAD ATTACHMENT POINTS
13 - 2.7 SAFETY MECHANISMS
13 - 2.8 RISK ASSESSMENT
14 - SECTION 3 GRIPPING DEVICES
14 - 3.1 GENERAL
14 - 3.2 DESIGN
14 - 3.2.1 Design factor
14 - 3.2.2 Unintentional release
14 - 3.2.3 Loss of pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
14 - 3.2.4 Multiple gripping devices
14 - 3.2.5 Self-latching gripping device
15 - 3.2.6 Connection to the crane
15 - 3.3 PLATE CLAMPS AND CLAMPS
15 - 3.3.1 Design
15 - 3.3.2 Testing
15 - 3.3.3 Markings
16 - 3.3.4 Information to be supplied with plate clamps
16 - 3.3.5 Maintenance, inspection and repair
16 - 3.3.6 Care and use
16 - 3.4 GIRDER CLAMPS
16 - 3.4.1 Design
16 - 3.4.2 Testing and verification requirements
17 - 3.4.3 Maintenance, inspection and repairs
17 - 3.4.4 Care and use
17 - 3.5 TONGS
18 - SECTION 4 BINS
18 - 4.1 DESIGN
18 - 4.1.1 General
18 - 4.1.2 Volume
18 - 4.1.3 Bin discharge
18 - 4.1.4 Baffling
18 - 4.2 SET DOWN
18 - 4.3 TESTING AND VERIFICATION
18 - 4.4 MARKING
19 - 4.5 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED WITH BINS
19 - 4.6 MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR
19 - 4.7 CARE AND USE
20 - SECTION 5 VACUUM LIFTING DEVICES
20 - 5.1 GENERAL
20 - 5.2 VACUUM SYSTEMS
20 - 5.2.1 Design factor
20 - 5.2.2 Vacuum hoses and lifting tubes
20 - 5.2.3 Structure of the vacuum lifter
20 - 5.3 VACUUM INDICATORS
20 - 5.3.1 General
20 - 5.3.2 Non-self-priming vacuum lifters
21 - 5.3.3 Self-priming vacuum lifters
21 - 5.4 VACUUM LOSS CONTROL AND MONITORING
21 - 5.5 DESIGN FOR USE IN PROXIMITY TO PEOPLE
21 - 5.6 TESTING
22 - 5.7 VACUUM LIFTER MARKINGS
22 - 5.8 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED WITH VACUUM LIFTERS
22 - 5.9 MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR
22 - 5.10 CARE AND USE
23 - SECTION 6 LIFTING MAGNETS
23 - 6.1 GENERAL
23 - 6.2 ALL TYPES
23 - 6.2.1 Load control
23 - 6.2.2 Application of magnets
23 - 6.2.3 Magnet-load matching
23 - 6.2.4 Rated capacity
24 - 6.2.5 Variable power supply
24 - 6.2.6 Magnet controllers
24 - 6.2.7 Magnet circuits
25 - 6.2.8 Magnet cables
25 - 6.2.9 Magnet power supply couplings
25 - 6.3 BATTERY-POWERED LIFTING MAGNETS
25 - 6.3.1 Design factor
25 - 6.3.2 Battery-low warning
25 - 6.3.3 Unsafe start-up prevention
25 - 6.3.4 Magnet state indicator
26 - 6.4 MAINS-POWERED LIFTING MAGNETS
26 - 6.4.1 General
26 - 6.4.2 Rectifiers
26 - 6.5 PERMANENT LIFTING MAGNETS
26 - 6.5.1 General
26 - 6.5.2 Tear-off force
26 - 6.5.3 Magnetic state indicator
26 - 6.5.4 Control safety
27 - 6.6 ELECTRO-PERMANENT LIFTING MAGNETS
27 - 6.6.1 Design factor
27 - 6.6.2 Magnetic state indicator
27 - 6.7 ASSOCIATED STANDARDS
27 - 6.8 MARKING
27 - 6.9 MAGNET TESTING
27 - 6.10 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED
27 - 6.11 MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR
27 - 6.12 CARE AND USE
28 - SECTION 7 C-HOOKS
28 - 7.1 GENERAL
28 - 7.2 DESIGN
28 - 7.2.1 Load stability
28 - 7.2.2 Load security
28 - 7.2.3 Protection
28 - 7.2.4 Storage
28 - 7.3 TESTING AND VERIFICATION
28 - 7.4 MARKING
28 - 7.5 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED
28 - 7.6 MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR
28 - 7.7 CARE AND USE
30 - SECTION 8 LIFTING FORKS
30 - 8.1 GENERAL
30 - 8.2 DESIGN
30 - 8.2.1 General
30 - 8.2.2 Load stability
30 - 8.2.3 Load security
30 - 8.2.4 Storage
30 - 8.3 TESTING AND VERIFICATION
30 - 8.4 MARKING
30 - 8.5 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED
30 - 8.6 MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR
30 - 8.7 CARE AND USE
32 - SECTION 9 LIFTING BEAMS
32 - 9.1 GENERAL
32 - 9.2 DESIGN
32 - 9.2.1 Stability
32 - 9.2.2 Adjustable beams/attachments
32 - 9.2.3 Beams with mechanical devices
32 - 9.3 TESTING AND VERIFICATION
32 - 9.4 MARKING
32 - 9.5 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED
32 - 9.6 MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR
33 - 9.7 CARE AND USE
34 - SECTION 10 LADLE HANDLING EQUIPMENT
34 - 10.1 GENERAL
34 - 10.2 CONTROL OF TILTING
34 - 10.2.1 General
34 - 10.2.2 Self°contained tilting mechanisms
34 - 10.3 MEASURES AGAINST DETACHMENT OF THE HANGERS
34 - 10.4 TEMPERATURE
34 - 10.5 TESTING AND VERIFICATION
34 - 10.6 MARKING
34 - 10.7 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED
35 - 10.8 MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR
35 - 10.9 CARE AND USE
36 - SECTION 11 BULK MATERIAL GRABS
36 - 11.1 GENERAL
36 - 11.2 DESIGN
36 - 11.3 TESTING
36 - 11.4 MARKING
36 - 11.5 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED
36 - 11.6 MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR
36 - 11.7 CARE AND USE
37 - SECTION 12 TESTING AND VERIFICATION
37 - 12.1 GENERAL
37 - 12.2 PROOF LOADING
37 - 12.2.1 General application lifting devices
37 - 12.2.2 Specific application lifting devices
37 - 12.2.3 Acceptance criteria
37 - 12.3 ALTERNATIVE VERIFICATION
39 - SECTION 13 EQUIPMENT MARKINGS
39 - 13.1 MINIMUM MARKING
39 - 13.2 ADDITIONAL MARKING
39 - 13.2.1 General
39 - 13.2.2 Specific applications
40 - SECTION 14 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED WITH LIFTING DEVICES
40 - 14.1 INFORMATION-GENERAL
40 - 14.2 INFORMATION-SPECIFIC
41 - 14.3 GUIDANCE FOR MAINTENANCE
41 - 14.4 VERIFICATIONS AND INSPECTIONS
42 - SECTION 15 MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR
42 - 15.1 INSPECTIONS
42 - 15.1.1 General
42 - 15.1.2 In-service
42 - 15.1.3 Periodic
42 - 15.1.4 Defects requiring withdrawal from service
43 - 15.2 REPAIR
44 - SECTION 16 CARE AND USE
44 - 16.1 OPERATION NEAR PERSONNEL
44 - 16.2 INSPECTION
44 - 16.3 DISPOSAL
45 - APPENDIX A - REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
46 - APPENDIX B - EXAMPLES OF LIFTING EQUIPMENT
46 - B1 LOAD SUSPENDING MEANS AND LOAD CARRYING MEANS
46 - B1.1 Lifting hooks
48 - B1.2 Adhesion appliances
49 - B1.3 Clamps
51 - B1.4 Tongs
55 - B1.5 Container harness (spreader)
55 - B1.6 Lifting and spreader beams
58 - B1.7 Suspension gear and pendants
60 - B1.8 Pallet lifters
61 - B2 LIFTING DEVICES FOR BULK GOODS AND BULK MATERIALS
61 - B2.1 Grabs
62 - B2.2 Bins
64 - APPENDIX C - REPAIR WORK
64 - C1 GENERAL
64 - C2 ASSESSMENT FOR REPAIR PROCEDURE
64 - C3 ALTERNATIVE RECOMMENDATIONS
64 - C3.1 Competent person™s report
65 - C3.2 Management of repairs
65 - C4 REPAIR WORK
66 - C5 WELDING REPAIR EXAMINATION

Specifies requirements for lifting devices able to be connected to a crane hook including spreader beams, magnet lifters, vacuum lifters and friction lifters.

This Standard specifies general requirements for the design, testing, marking and correct care and use of lifting devices that can be fitted directly or indirectly to the hook or any other coupling device on a crane, hoist or winch, as defined in AS 2549, without affecting its integrity. This Standard does not cover lifting equipment such as slings, lifting gear, workboxes and items covered by other Australian Standards.

First published as AS 4991-2004.