UNE-EN 60099-4:2016

1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Identification and classification
   4.1 Arrester identification
   4.2 Arrester classification
5 Standard ratings and service conditions
   5.1 Standard rated voltages
   5.2 Standard rated frequencies
   5.3 Standard nominal discharge currents
   5.4 Service conditions
         5.4.1 Normal service conditions
         5.4.2 Abnormal service conditions
6 Requirements
   6.1 Insulation withstand of the arrester housing
   6.2 Reference voltage
   6.3 Residual voltages
   6.4 Internal partial discharges
   6.5 Seal leak rate
   6.6 Current distribution in a multi-column arrester
   6.7 Thermal stability
   6.8 Long-duration current impulse withstand
   6.9 Operating duty
   6.10 Power-frequency voltage versus time characteristics of
         an arrester
   6.11 Short-circuit
   6.12 Disconnector
         6.12.1 Disconnector withstand
   6.13 Requirements for auxiliary equipment such as grading
         components
   6.14 Mechanical loads
         6.14.1 Bending moment
         6.14.2 Resistance against environmental stresses
         6.14.3 Insulating base
7 General testing procedure
   7.1 Measuring equipment and accuracy
   7.2 Reference voltage measurements
   7.3 Test samples
8 Type tests (design tests)
   8.1 General
   8.2 Insulation withstand tests on the arrester housing
         8.2.1 General
         8.2.2 Tests on individual unit housing
         8.2.3 Tests on complete arrester housing assemblies
         8.2.4 Ambient air conditions during tests
         8.2.5 Wet test procedure
         8.2.6 Lightning impulse voltage test
         8.2.7 Switching impulse voltage test
         8.2.8 Power-frequency voltage test
   8.3 Residual voltage tests
         8.3.1 Steep current impulse residual voltage test
         8.3.2 Lightning impulse residual voltage test
         8.3.3 Switching impulse residual voltage test
   8.4 Long-duration current impulse withstand test
         8.4.1 General
         8.4.2 Line discharge test requirements for 20 000 A
                and 10 000 A arresters
         8.4.3 Long-duration current requirements for 5 000 A
                and 2 500 A arresters
   8.5 Operating duty tests
         8.5.1 General
         8.5.2 Accelerated ageing procedure
         8.5.3 Heat dissipation behaviour of test sample
         8.5.4 High current impulse operating duty test
         8.5.5 Switching surge operating duty test
         8.5.6 Evaluation of thermal stability in the operating
                duty tests
   8.6 Tests of arrester disconnectors/fault indicators
         8.6.1 General
         8.6.2 Current impulse and operating duty withstand tests
         8.6.3 Disconnector operation
         8.6.4 Fault indicator operation
   8.7 Short-circuit test procedure
   8.8 Internal partial discharge tests
   8.9 Test of the bending moment
         8.9.1 General
         8.9.2 Sample preparation
         8.9.3 Test procedure
         8.9.4 Test evaluation
   8.10 Environmental tests
         8.10.1 General
         8.10.2 Sample preparation
         8.10.3 Test procedure
         8.10.4 Test evaluation
   8.11 Seal leak rate test
         8.11.1 General
         8.11.2 Sample preparation
         8.11.3 Test procedure
         8.11.4 Test evaluation
   8.12 Radio interference voltage (RIV) test
9 Routine tests and acceptance tests
   9.1 Routine tests
   9.2 Acceptance tests
         9.2.1 Standard acceptance tests
         9.2.2 Special thermal stability test
10 Test requirements on polymer-housed surge arresters
   10.1 Scope
   10.2 Normative references
   10.3 Terms and definitions
   10.4 Identification and classification
   10.5 Standard ratings and service conditions
   10.6 Requirements
   10.7 General testing procedure
   10.8 Type tests (design tests)
         10.8.1 General
         10.8.2 Insulation withstand tests on the arrester housing
         10.8.3 Residual voltage tests
         10.8.4 Long-duration current impulse withstand test
         10.8.5 Operating duty tests
         10.8.6 Tests of arrester disconnectors and fault indicators
         10.8.7 Short-circuit tests
         10.8.8 Internal partial discharge tests
         10.8.9 Test of the bending moment
         10.8.10 Environmental tests
         10.8.11 Seal leak rate test
         10.8.12 Radio interference voltage (RIV) test
         10.8.13 Moisture ingress test
         10.8.14 Weather ageing test
11 Test requirements on gas-insulated metal enclosed arresters
   (GIS-arresters)
   11.1 Scope
   11.2 Normative references
   11.3 Terms and definitions
   11.4 Identification and classification
   11.5 Standard ratings and service conditions
   11.6 Requirements
         11.6.1 Withstand voltages
         11.6.11 Requirements for the enclosures of GIS-arresters
   11.7 General testing procedures
   11.8 Type tests (design tests)
         11.8.1 General
         11.8.2 Insulation withstand tests
         11.8.3 Residual voltage tests
         11.8.4 Long duration current impulse withstand test
         11.8.5 Operating duty tests
         11.8.6 Tests of arrester disconnectors/fault indicators
         11.8.7 Short-circuit tests
         11.8.8 Internal partial discharge tests
   11.9 Routine tests
   11.10 Test after erection on site
12 Separable and dead-front arresters
   12.1 Scope
   12.2 Normative references
   12.3 Terms and definitions
   12.4 Identification and classification
   12.5 Standard ratings and service conditions
   12.6 Requirements
         12.6.11 Short circuit
   12.7 General testing procedure
   12.8 Type tests (design tests)
         12.8.1 General
         12.8.2 Insulation withstand tests on the arrester housing
         12.8.3 Residual voltage tests
         12.8.4 Long duration current impulse withstand test
         12.8.5 Operating duty tests
         12.8.6 Tests of disconnectors/fault indicators
         12.8.7 Short-circuit test procedure
         12.8.8 Internal partial discharge test
   12.9 Routine tests and acceptance tests
13 Void
Annex A (normative) Abnormal service conditions
Annex B (normative) Test to verify thermal equivalency between
        complete arrester and arrester section
Annex C (normative) Requirements for high lightning duty arresters
        for voltage range 1 kV to 52 kV
Annex D (normative) Procedure to verify the power-frequency
        voltage-versus-time characteristics of an arrester
Annex E (informative) Guide to selection of line discharge class
Annex F (normative) Artificial pollution test with respect to
        the thermal stress on porcelain-housed multi-unit
        metal-oxide surge arresters
        F.1 Glossary
            F.1.1 Measured quantities
            F.1.2 Calculated quantities
        F.2 General
        F.3 Classification of site severity
        F.4 Preliminary heating test: measurement of the thermal
            time constant tau and calculation of beta
        F.5 Verification of the need to perform the pollution tests
        F.6 General requirements for the pollution test
            F.6.1 Test sample
            F.6.2 Testing plant
            F.6.3 Measuring devices and measuring procedures
            F.6.4 Test preparation
        F.7 Test procedures
            F.7.1 Slurry method
            F.7.2 Salt fog method
        F.8 Evaluation of test results
            F.8.1 Calculation of K[ie]
            F.8.2 Calculation of the expected temperature rise
                  delta T[z] in service
        F.9 Example
            F.9.1 Preliminary heating test
            F.9.2 Verification of the need to perform the pollution
                  test
            F.9.3 Salt fog tests
            F.9.4 Calculation performed after five test cycles
            F.9.5 Calculation performed after 10 test cycles
Annex G (informative) Typical information given with enquiries
        and tenders
        G.1 Information given with enquiry
            G.1.1 System data
            G.1.2 Service conditions
            G.1.3 Arrester duty
            G.1.4 Characteristics of arrester
            G.1.5 Additional equipment and fittings
            G.1.6 Any special abnormal conditions
        G.2 Information given with tender
Annex H (informative) Typical circuit for high current impulse
        operating duty test
Annex I (informative) Typical circuit for a distributed constant
        impulse generator for the long duration current impulse
        withstand test
Annex J (informative) Typical maximum residual voltages
Annex K (informative) Ageing test procedure - Arrhenius law -
        Problems with higher temperatures
Annex L (informative) Guide for the determination of the voltage
        distribution along metal-oxide surge arresters
        L.1 General
        L.2 Modelling of the surge arrester
        L.3 Modelling of the boundary conditions
        L.4 Calculation procedure
            L.4.1 Capacitive representation of the non-linear
                  resistor column
            L.4.2 Capacitive and resistive representation of
                  the non-linear resistor column
            L.4.3 Determination of U[ct]
        L.5 Example calculations
            L.5.1 Modelling of the arrester and the boundary
                  Conditions
            L.5.2 Resistive effects of the metal-oxide non-linear
                  resistors
            L.5.3 Results and conclusions from electric field
                  calculations
Annex M (normative) Mechanical considerations
        M.1 Test of bending moment
        M.2 Seismic test
        M.3 Definition of mechanical loads
        M.4 Definition of seal leak rate
        M.5 Calculation of wind-bending-moment
Annex N (informative) Short-circuit tests
            N.8.7 Short circuit
Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international
         publications with their corresponding European
         publications
Annex ZB (informative) Liquid-immersed arresters
Bibliography

Applies to non-linear metal-oxide resistor type surge arresters without spark gaps designed to limit voltage surges on a.c. power circuits.