AS 2316.1-2009

1 - AS 2316.1-2009 ARTIFICIAL CLIMBING STRUCTURES AND CHALLENGE COURSES - FIXED AND MOBILE ARTIFICIAL CLIMBING AND ABSEILING...
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
7 - FOREWORD
9 - SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
9 - 1.1 SCOPE
9 - 1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
11 - 1.3 DEFINITIONS
11 - 1.3.1 Abseiling
11 - 1.3.2 Acceleration
11 - 1.3.3 Acceleration pulse
11 - 1.3.4 Accelerometer
11 - 1.3.5 Anchor
11 - 1.3.6 Artificial climbing wall (ACW)
11 - 1.3.7 Autobelay system
11 - 1.3.8 Belay system
11 - 1.3.9 Bouldering
12 - 1.3.10 Climbing route
12 - 1.3.11 Competent person
12 - 1.3.12 Descender device
12 - 1.3.13 Design load
12 - 1.3.14 Fall height
12 - 1.3.15 Fall zone
12 - 1.3.16 Free space
12 - 1.3.17 g
12 - 1.3.18 gmax
12 - 1.3.19 Ground anchor
12 - 1.3.20 Head injury criteria (HIC)
12 - 1.3.21 Impact attenuation system
13 - 1.3.22 Impact height
13 - 1.3.23 Impact measurement
13 - 1.3.24 Impact attenuation test
13 - 1.3.25 Impact attenuation test position
13 - 1.3.26 Lead anchor
13 - 1.3.27 Minimum breaking load
13 - 1.3.28 Mobile artificial climbing wall
13 - 1.3.29 Multiple ground anchor system
13 - 1.3.30 Multiple top-rope anchor system
13 - 1.3.31 Nominal load
13 - 1.3.32 Out of service
13 - 1.3.33 Proof test load
13 - 1.3.34 Shall
13 - 1.3.35 Should
13 - 1.3.36 Span
13 - 1.3.37 Spotter
14 - 1.3.38 Stability design loads
14 - 1.3.39 Stance anchor
14 - 1.3.40 Top-rope anchor system
14 - 1.3.41 Transducer
14 - 1.3.42 Tri-axial accelerometer
15 - SECTION 2 DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS
15 - 2.1 DESIGN
15 - 2.1.1 Structural requirements
15 - 2.1.2 Access ways and platforms
15 - 2.1.3 Hydraulic, pneumatic and propelling equipment
15 - 2.1.4 Combustibility of materials
15 - 2.1.5 Lightning protection
15 - 2.2 VERIFICATION OF THE STRENGTH AND STABILITY OF AN ACW
15 - 2.2.1 General
16 - 2.2.2 Verification of strength
17 - 2.2.3 Verification for stability
18 - 2.3 IMPACT STRENGTH OF THE ACW SURFACE
18 - 2.4 BELAY SYSTEMS
18 - 2.4.1 General
18 - 2.4.2 Types of belay systems
23 - 2.4.3 Anchors
23 - 2.4.4 Ground anchors
23 - 2.4.5 Lead anchors
24 - 2.4.6 Top-rope anchor system
24 - 2.4.7 Marking
25 - 2.5 GEOMETRICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR EQUIPMENT-MINIMUM CURVE RADIUS
25 - 2.6 ASSEMBLY AND INSTALLATION
27 - 2.7 PROOF TESTING
27 - 2.7.1 Fixed ACW
27 - 2.7.2 Mobile and temporary ACW
27 - 2.7.3 Subsequent inspection, maintenance and testing
27 - 2.8 SURFACE FINISHES AND ENTRAPMENT HAZARDS
28 - 2.9 FLOOR OR GROUND SURFACING AND IMPACT ATTENUATION
28 - 2.9.1 General requirements
28 - 2.9.2 Specific requirements for impact attenuation
29 - 2.9.3 Impact attenuation testing requirements
29 - 2.10 FALL ZONES
29 - 2.10.1 General
29 - 2.10.2 Fall zone dimensions
30 - 2.11 DOCUMENTATION
30 - 2.12 INSTRUCTION MANUAL
31 - 2.13 COMMISSIONING INSPECTION
31 - 2.14 EQUIPMENT
31 - 2.14.1 General
31 - 2.14.2 Identification
32 - 2.14.3 Ropes
32 - 2.14.4 Harnesses
32 - 2.14.5 Karabiners and connectors
33 - 2.14.6 Belay systems
33 - 2.14.7 Descender devices
33 - 2.14.8 Pulleys
34 - 2.14.9 Helmets
34 - 2.14.10 Access ladders
34 - 2.14.11 Climbing holds
34 - 2.14.12 Equipment belonging to participants
35 - SECTION 3 IN-SERVICE INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
35 - 3.1 TESTING AND INSPECTION
35 - 3.1.1 General
37 - 3.1.2 Anchorages-Proof testing
37 - 3.2 MAINTENANCE, REPAIR, REPLACEMENT AND ALTERATION
37 - 3.3 INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE RECORDS
38 - 3.4 RETIREMENT OF EQUIPMENT FROM SERVICE
39 - SECTION 4 MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
39 - 4.1 GENERAL
39 - 4.2 SUPERVISION
39 - 4.3 COMPETENCIES
39 - 4.4 RULES
39 - 4.5 INDUCTION
39 - 4.6 SPECTATORS
39 - 4.7 WORKING AT HEIGHT
39 - 4.8 FIRST AID
40 - 4.9 EMERGENCY
41 - APPENDIX A - LOAD TESTING OF ANCHOR COMPONENTS AND ACW WHERE VERIFICATION BY CALCULATION IS NOT AVAILABLE
41 - A1 GENERAL
41 - A2 TEST SAMPLES
41 - A3 PROCEDURE
41 - A4 TEST RESULTS
42 - APPENDIX B - PROOF TESTING
42 - B1 PROCEDURE FOR ALL PROOF TESTING
42 - B2 TEST OF ANCHORS
42 - B2.1 Force application
42 - B2.2 Components to be tested
42 - B2.3 Multiple floor and top-rope anchors
43 - B2.4 Test report
43 - B3 TEST OF SURFACE INTEGRITY
43 - B3.1 Force application
43 - B3.2 Components to be tested
43 - B3.3 Test report
43 - B4 TEST OF HOLD INSERT RESISTANCE
43 - B4.1 Force application
44 - B4.2 Components to be tested
44 - B4.3 Test report
47 - APPENDIX C - BEAUFORT SCALE
48 - APPENDIX D - STABILITY DESIGN REQUIREMENTS OF AN ACW
48 - D1 GENERAL PRINCIPLE
48 - D2 FOR AN ACW
48 - D3 FOR A BOULDERING WALL
49 - APPENDIX E - METHOD FOR STABILITY ASSESSMENT AND WORKED EXAMPLES
49 - E1 SCOPE
49 - E2 EQUATIONS RELATING TO COMBINATIONS OF ACTIONS FOR ULTIMATE LIMIT STATES
49 - E3 EXAMPLE CALCULATION FOR AN INTERNAL CLIMBING WALL
50 - E4 EXAMPLE CALCULATION FOR AN OUTDOOR CLIMBING WALL
51 - E5 EXAMPLE USING TYPICAL CLIMBING WALL PARAMETERS
53 - APPENDIX F - IMPACT STRENGTH OF THE CLIMBING SURFACE
53 - F1 GENERAL
53 - F2 IMPACT STRENGTH TEST
53 - F2.1 Basis for test
53 - F2.2 Test apparatus
53 - F2.3 Sampling
53 - F2.4 Procedure
53 - F2.5 Test results
56 - APPENDIX G - DETERMINATION OF HIC AND gmax VALUES
56 - G1 SCOPE
56 - G2 PRINCIPLE
56 - G3 APPARATUS
56 - G3.1 Fall test headform
56 - G3.2 Accelerometer
57 - G3.3 Impact measurement equipment
57 - G4 TEST CONDITIONS
57 - G4.1 On-site testing
57 - G4.2 Sample testing
57 - G5 TEST PROCEDURE
57 - G5.1 Selecting the test position
57 - G5.2 Specific test procedures
58 - G6 CALCULATION OF RESULTS
58 - G6.1 HIC
58 - G6.2 Impact profiles
58 - G7 TEST REPORT
60 - APPENDIX H - CLIMBING HOLD TESTING
60 - H1 SCOPE
60 - H2 SAMPLE PREPARATION
60 - H3 STRENGTH
60 - H4 RESISTANCE TO ROTATION
60 - H5 RESISTANCE TO BREAKAGE IN USE
61 - H6 TEST REPORT
62 - APPENDIX I - SUSPENSION TRAUMA

Specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the design, construction, operation, maintenance and testing of fixed and mobile artificial climbing and abseiling walls and associated components. Includes fixed, indoor, outdoor, permanent, temporary and mobile structures (including inflatable structures) and facilities used for climbing, abseiling and bouldering.

This Standard specifies the minimum requirements for the design, construction, operation, competencies for support personnel, supervision levels, maintenance and testing of fixed and mobile artificial climbing and abseiling walls (ACW) and associated components. It includes fixed, indoor, outdoor, permanent, temporary and mobile structures (including inflatable climbing structures) and facilities used for climbing, abseiling and bouldering.This Standard is not applicable to playground equipment (see AS 4685) or structures associated with bungy jumping activities (see AS/NZS 5848), or theatrical and stunt work.

First published as AS 2316.1-2009.