AS/NZS 1554.1:2000

1 - AS/NZS 1554.1:2000 STRUCTURAL STEEL WELDING - WELDING OF STEEL STRUCTURES
4 - PREFACE
6 - CONTENTS
8 - SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
8 - 1.1 SCOPE
9 - 1.2 EXCLUSIONS
9 - 1.3 INNOVATION
9 - 1.4 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
9 - 1.5 DEFINITIONS
9 - 1.5.1 Fabricator
9 - 1.5.2 Inspecting authority
9 - 1.5.3 Inspector
9 - 1.5.4 May
9 - 1.5.5 Principal
10 - 1.5.6 Shall
10 - 1.5.7 Should
10 - 1.6 WELD CATEGORIES
10 - 1.7 BASIC WELDING REQUIREMENTS
10 - 1.8 SAFETY
10 - 1.8.1 Safety equipment and procedures
11 - 1.8.2 Welding equipment
12 - SECTION 2 MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
12 - 2.1 PARENT MATERIAL
12 - 2.2 BACKING MATERIAL
12 - 2.3 WELDING CONSUMABLES
12 - 2.3.1 Electrodes and filler wires
12 - 2.3.2 Care of electrodes and filler wires
12 - 2.3.3 Flux
13 - 2.3.4 Shielding gas
14 - SECTION 3 DETAILS OF WELDED CONNECTIONS
14 - 3.1 GENERAL
14 - 3.1.1 Permissible weld types
14 - 3.1.2 Drawings
14 - 3.2 BUTT WELDS
14 - 3.2.1 Size of weld
14 - 3.2.2 Design throat thickness
15 - 3.2.3 Effective length
15 - 3.2.4 Effective area
15 - 3.2.5 Transition of thickness or width
15 - 3.3 FILLET WELDS
15 - 3.3.1 Size of weld
15 - 3.3.2 Design throat thickness
15 - 3.3.3 Effective length
16 - 3.3.4 Effective area
16 - 3.3.5 Minimum size of fillet welds
16 - 3.3.6 Maximum size of fillet welds along edges
19 - 3.4 COMPOUND WELDS
19 - 3.4.1 Description of compound weld
19 - 3.4.2 Design throat thickness (DTT)
20 - 3.5 SEAL WELDS
20 - 3.6 PLUG WELDS
20 - 3.7 SLOT WELDS
20 - 3.8 COMBINING STEEL SECTIONS
22 - SECTION 4 QUALIFICATION OF PROCEDURES AND PERSONNEL
22 - 4.1 QUALIFICATION OF WELDING PROCEDURE
22 - 4.1.1 General
22 - 4.1.2 Butt welds
23 - 4.1.3 Fillet welds
23 - 4.1.4 Qualification of multiple welding positions
23 - 4.2 METHODS FOR QUALIFYING A WELDING PROCEDURE
24 - 4.3 PREQUALIFIED WELDING PROCEDURES
24 - 4.4 PORTABILITY OF QUALIFIED WELDING PROCEDURES
24 - 4.5 PREQUALIFIED JOINT PREPARATIONS
24 - 4.5.1 General
24 - 4.5.2 Prequalified complete penetration butt welds
25 - 4.5.3 Prequalified incomplete penetration butt welds
25 - 4.5.4 Prequalified fillet welds
25 - 4.5.5 Additional requirements for welds in hollow section members
30 - 4.6 QUALIFICATION OF WELDING CONSUMABLES
30 - 4.6.1 Prequalified welding consumables
35 - 4.6.2 Qualification of welding consumables by testing
36 - 4.7 QUALIFICATION OF WELDING PROCEDURE BY TESTING
36 - 4.7.1 Method of qualification
36 - 4.7.2 Preparation of special test piece
36 - 4.7.3 Dimensions of test pieces
36 - 4.7.4 Macro test
37 - 4.7.5 Transverse butt tensile test
39 - 4.7.6 Bend test
40 - 4.7.7 Charpy impact test
40 - 4.7.8 Hardness comparison test for parent metal and weld metal
40 - 4.7.9 Hardness test for weld heat-affected zones
40 - 4.7.10 Retests
40 - 4.8 EXTENSION OF QUALIFICATION
41 - 4.9 COMBINATION OF PROCESSES
41 - 4.10 RECORDS OF TESTS
41 - 4.11 REQUALIFICATION OF WELDING PROCEDURES
44 - 4.12 QUALIFICATION OF WELDING PERSONNEL
44 - 4.12.1 Welding supervisor
45 - 4.12.2 Welders
48 - SECTION 5 WORKMAN SHIP
48 - 5.1 PREPARATION OF EDGES FOR WELDING
48 - 5.1.1 General
48 - 5.1.2 Thermal cutting
48 - 5.2 ASSEMBLY
48 - 5.2.1 General
48 - 5.2.2 Alignment of butt- welded joints
49 - 5.2.3 Alignment of fillet welds and incomplete penetration butt welds
49 - 5.2.4 Separation of a backing material
49 - 5.3 PREHEATING AND INTER-RUN CONTROL
49 - 5.3.1 General
49 - 5.3.2 Need for preheating
49 - 5.3.3 Extent of preheating and cooling after welding
50 - 5.3.4 Determination of preheating temperature
56 - 5.4 WELDING UNDER ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS
56 - 5.5 TACK WELDS
56 - 5.6 WELD DEPTH-TO-WIDTH RATIO
57 - 5.7 CONTROL OF DISTORTION AND RESIDUAL STRESS
57 - 5.7.1 General
57 - 5.7.2 Stressed parts
57 - 5.7.3 Peening
57 - 5.7.4 Correction of distortion
57 - 5.8 BACKGOUGING AND REPAIR OF DEFECTS IN WELDS
57 - 5.8.1 Repair of welds
57 - 5.8.2 Removal of weld metal
58 - 5.8.3 Grinding
58 - 5.8.4 Stop starts
58 - 5.9 TEMPORARY ATTACHMENTS
58 - 5.10 ARC STRIKES
59 - 5.11 CLEANING OF FINISHED WELDS
59 - 5.12 DRESSING OF BUTT WELDS
60 - SECTION 6 QUALITY OF WELDS
60 - 6.1 CATEGORIES OF WELDS
60 - 6.2 METHODS OF INSPECTION AND PERMISSIBLE LEVELS OF IMPERFECTIONS
60 - 6.2.1 Methods of inspection of completed welds
60 - 6.2.2 Permissible levels of imperfection
60 - 6.2.3 Adjacent imperfections
60 - 6.2.4 Interpretation of tests
65 - 6.3 RADIOGRAPHY
65 - 6.3.1 Method
65 - 6.3.2 IQI sensitivity
65 - 6.3.3 Acceptance limits
66 - 6.4 ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION
66 - 6.4.1 Method
66 - 6.4.2 Evaluation
66 - 6.4.3 Acceptance limits
66 - 6.5 MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION
67 - 6.6 LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION
67 - 6.7 WELD DEFECTS
67 - 6.8 REPORTING
68 - SECTION 7 INSPECTION
68 - 7.1 GENERAL
68 - 7.2 QUALIFICATIONS OF INSPECTORS
68 - 7.3 VISUAL INSPECTION OF WORK
68 - 7.4 NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION OTHER THAN VISUAL
70 - APPENDIX A - REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
73 - APPENDIX B - BRITTLE FRACTURE
73 - B1 METHODS
73 - B2 NOTCH-DUCTILE RANGE METHOD
73 - B3 DESIGN SERVICE TEMPERATURE
73 - B3.1 General
73 - B3.2 Basic design temperature
73 - B3.3 Modifications to the basic design temperature
74 - B4 MATERIAL SELECTION
74 - B4.1 Selection of steel type
74 - B4.2 Limitations
74 - B4.3 Modification for certain applications
75 - B5 FRACTURE ASSESSMENT
78 - APPENDIX C - TYPICAL FORMS FOR WELDING PROCEDURES
81 - APPENDIX D - MATTERS FOR RESOLUTION
82 - APPENDIX E - WELDED JOINT AND PROCESS IDENTIFICATION
82 - E1 NOTATION FOR JOINT IDENTIFICATION
82 - E2 NOTATION FOR DIMENSIONS, POSITIONS AND BACKING MATERIAL
83 - E3 NOTATION FOR PROCESSES
83 - E4 EXAMPLE

Specifies requirements for the welding of steel structures made up of combinations of steel plate, sheet or sections, including hollow sections and built-up sections, or castings and forgings. It is limited to the welding of steel parent material with a specified minimum yield strength not exceeding 500 MPa. It does not apply to oxyacetylene, friction, thermoset or resistance welding processes or to the welding of pressure vessels or pressure piping.

This Standard specifies requirements for the welding of steel structures made up of combinations of steel plate, sheet or sections, including hollow sections and built-up sections, or castings and forgings, by the following processes:(a) Manual metal-arc welding (MMAW).(b) Submerged arc welding (SAW).(c) Gas metal-arc welding (GMAW or MIG), including pulsed mode.(d) Gas tungsten-arc welding (GTAW or TIG).(e) Flux-cored arc welding (FCAW).(f) Electroslag (including consumable guide) welding (ESW).(g) Electrogas welding (EGW).The Standard is limited to the welding of steel parent material with a specified minimum yield strength not exceeding 500 MPa.The Standard applies specifically to the welding of steelwork in structures complying with AS 3990, AS 4100, AS/NZS 4600 or NZS 3404.1. Where the proportions of welded joints in these structures are governed by dynamic loading conditions, the Standard applies only to those welded joints that comply with the fatigue provisions of AS 3990, AS 4100 or NZS 3404.1, as limited by Item (ii) below, or the directly equivalent fatigue provisions of other application Standards.Welded joints complying with the above requirements are those that are(i) not subject to fatigue conditions; or(ii) subject to fatigue conditions, where(A) the stress range in the welded joint complies with the permissible stress range of stress categories C, D, E or F of AS 3990, or weld categories lower than or equal to detail category 112 of AS 4100 or NZS 3404.1; or(B) the stress range in the welded joint is not more than 80% of the permissible stress range of stress category B of AS 3990.In addition to the abovementioned structures the Standard applies to the welding of cranes, hoists and other dynamically loaded structures, the welding of road and pedestrian bridges and the welding of steelwork in applications other than structural.NOTE: Further information on this Standard, which the drafting committee could not incorporate, is given in WTIA Technical Note 11.

First published in Australia as AS CA8-1933.
Second edition 1939.
Revised and redesignated in part as AS Int 352-1952.
AS Int 352-1952 and part of AS CA8-1939 revised, amalgamated and redesignated as AS CA8.1-1965.
Revised and redesignated in part as AS 1554.1-1974.
Second edition 1980.
Third edition 1985.
Fourth edition 1991.
First published in New Zealand in part as NZS 4701:1981.
NZS 4704 first published 1994.
AS 1554.1-1991, NZS 4701:1981 and NZS 4704:1994 jointly revised, amalgamated and designated AS/NZS 1554.1:1995.
Sixth edition 2000.