IEC TR 60825-14:2004

FOREWORD
INTRODUCTION
1 Scope and object
2 Terms and definitions
3 Administrative policies
   3.1 Safety responsibilities
   3.2 Competent persons
   3.3 Laser Safety Officer
   3.4 Information and training
4 Laser radiation hazards
   4.1 Laser products
   4.2 Exposure to laser radiation
   4.3 Determining the level of laser exposure
5 Determining the maximum permissible exposure (MPE)
   5.1 General remarks
   5.2 Repetitively pulsed or modulated lasers
   5.3 Multiple wavelengths
   5.4 Extended source MPEs
   5.5 Hazard distance and hazard area
6 Associated hazards
   6.1 Additional health hazards
   6.2 Hazards arising from the laser
   6.3 Hazards arising from the environment
   6.4 Control of associated hazards
7 Evaluating risk
   7.1 Hazards and risks
   7.2 Risk assessment: Stage 1 - Identifying potentially
       injurious situations
   7.3 Risk assessment: Stage 2 - Assessing risk for
       potentially injurious situations
   7.4 Risk assessment: Stage 3 - Selecting control measures
8 Control measures
   8.1 General
   8.2 Hazard reduction
   8.3 Enclosing the hazard
   8.4 Hazard mitigation
   8.5 Equipment servicing
9 Maintenance of safe operation
10 Incident reporting and accident investigation
11 Medical surveillance
Annex A (informative) Examples of interlock systems for laser
                      controlled areas
Annex B (informative) Examples of calculations
Annex C (informative) Biophysical considerations
Bibliography
Figures
Tables

This technical report provides guidance on best practice in the safe use of laser products that conform to IEC 60825-1. The terms "laser product" and "laser equipment" as used in this document also refer to any device, assembly or system, which is capable of emitting optical radiation produced by a process of stimulated emission. However, unlike IEC 60825-1, this document does not cover light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Class 1 laser products normally pose no hazard and Class 2 laser products present only a minimal hazard. With these products, it is normally sufficient to follow the warnings on the product labels and the manufacturer's instructions for safe use. Further protective measures as described in this document should not be necessary. This document emphasizes evaluation of the risk from higher power lasers, but the users of the lower power lasers may benefit from the information contained. This technical report can be applied to the use of any product that incorporates a laser, whether or not it is sold or offered for sale. Therefore, it applies to specially constructed lasers (including experimental and prototype systems). This technical report is intended to help laser users and their employers to understand the general principles of safety management (Clause 3), to identify the hazards that may be present (Clauses 4 to 6), to assess the risks of harm that may arise (Clause 7), and to set up and maintain appropriate control measures (Clauses 8 to 11). Reference is made in this document to laser "users". This should be taken to include persons having responsibility for safety in addition to those who actually work with or operate laser equipment.