1 - AS 2118.1-1995 AUTOMATIC FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEMS - STANDARD
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
8 - SECTION 1 SCOPE, DEFINITIONS, CLASSIFICATION AND DESIGN DATA
8 - 1.1 SCOPE
8 - 1.2 NEW DESIGNS AND INNOVATIONS
8 - 1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
8 - 1.4 DEFINITIONS
8 - 1.4.1 Alarm valve
8 - 1.4.2 Approved
8 - 1.4.3 Assumed area of operation
8 - 1.4.4 Regulatory authority
8 - 1.4.5 Authorized inspector
8 - 1.4.6 Building owner
8 - 1.4.7 Fire and draught stop
9 - 1.4.8 Inferior wall
9 - 1.4.9 Net positive suction head (NPSH) (of a pump)
9 - 1.4.10 Open joists and exposed common rafters
9 - 1.4.11 Sprinklered area
9 - 1.4.12 Sprinklered building
9 - 1.4.13 Post or box pallet
10 - SECTION 2 CLASSES OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS AND DESIGN DATA
10 - 2.1 CLASSES OF SYSTEMS
10 - 2.2 CLASSIFICATION OF OCCUPANCIES
10 - 2.2.1 General
10 - 2.2.2 Light hazard occupanies
10 - 2.2.3 Ordinary hazard occupancies
13 - 2.2.4 High hazard occupancies
15 - 2.3 TYPES OF SYSTEMS
15 - 2.3.1 Standard sprinkler systems
19 - 2.3.2 Special sprinkler systems
21 - 2.4 DESIGN DATA
22 - SECTION 3 INSTALLATION
22 - 3.1 SPRINKLERED BUILDINGS
22 - 3.1.1 Extent of sprinkler protection
22 - 3.1.2 Protection against exposure hazards
23 - 3.1.3 Permitted exceptions
23 - 3.2 TRANSMISSION OF ALARM SIGNAL TO FIRE BRIGADE
24 - 3.3 LOCAL ALARM
24 - 3.4 SYSTEM MONITORING
24 - 3.4.1 General
24 - 3.4.2 Monitoring devices
24 - 3.4.3 Systems to be monitored
24 - 3.4.4 Components to be monitored
24 - 3.4.5 Installation
25 - SECTION 4 WATER SUPPLIES
25 - 4.1 GENERAL
25 - 4.2 ACCEPTABLE SOURCES OF SUPPLY
25 - 4.3 WATER SUPPLY GRADES
25 - 4.3.1 General
25 - 4.3.2 Grade3 water supplies
26 - 4.3.3 Grade2 water supplies
27 - 4.3.4 Grade1 water supplies
37 - 4.4 CONNECTIONS TO OTHER SERVICES
37 - 4.4.1 General
38 - 4.4.2 Fire hose reel connections
38 - 4.4.3 Fire brigade booster connection
38 - 4.5 PRESSURE AND FLOW REQUIREMENTS
39 - 4.6 PRESSURE CONSIDERATIONS
39 - 4.7 MINIMUM CAPACITY OF STORED WATER SUPPLIES
39 - 4.8 PUMP SUCTION TANKS
39 - 4.8.1 General
39 - 4.8.2 Effective capacity
41 - 4.8.3 Vortex inhibitor
42 - 4.8.4 Supply from inexhaustible source
45 - 4.9 PRIVATE WATER SUPPLIES
45 - 4.9.1 General
45 - 4.9.2 Elevated private reservoirs
45 - 4.9.3 Gravity tanks
45 - 4.10 TOWN MAINS
45 - 4.10.1 Direct supply from town mains
46 - 4.10.2 Pump drawing from town mains
46 - 4.11 PUMP INSTALLATIONS
46 - 4.11.1 General requirements
47 - 4.11.2 Pump operating conditions
47 - 4.11.3 Suction piping
47 - 4.11.4 Performance requirements for pumps
47 - 4.12 PUMPSETS
51 - 4.13 PRESSURE TANKS
51 - 4.13.1 General
51 - 4.13.2 Special requirements
53 - 4.14 PROVING OF WATER SUPPLIES
55 - SECTION 5 SPACING AND LOCATION OF SPRINKLERS
55 - 5.1 STANDARD SPACING
55 - 5.2 STAGGERED SPACING
55 - 5.3 MINIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN SPRINKLERS
55 - 5.4 LOCATION OF SPRINKLERS (OTHER THAN SIDEWALL SPRINKLERS)
55 - 5.4.1 General
55 - 5.4.2 Walls and partitions
57 - 5.4.3 Ceilings, roofs and underside of stairs
57 - 5.4.4 Beams and joists
57 - 5.4.5 Columns
58 - 5.4.6 Girders
58 - 5.4.7 Roof trusses
58 - 5.4.8 Clear space below sprinklers
60 - 5.5 SPACING AND LOCATION OF SIDEWALL SPRINKLERS
60 - 5.5.1 General
60 - 5.5.2 Maximum spacing of sidewall sprinklers
60 - 5.5.3 Distance between rows of sprinklers
61 - 5.6 LOCATIONS OR CONDITIONS INVOLVING SPECIAL CONSIDERATION (supplementaryprotection)
61 - 5.6.1 Roof spaces
61 - 5.6.2 Ceiling and floor spaces
61 - 5.6.3 Ceiling materials
61 - 5.6.4 Spaces under ground floors
62 - 5.6.5 Machinery pits and production lines
62 - 5.6.6 Hoists, lift shafts, building services shafts and enclosed chutes
62 - 5.6.7 Elevators, rope or strap races, exhaust ducts, gearing boxes and dust receivers
63 - 5.6.8 Corn, rice, provender and oil mills
63 - 5.6.9 Bins and silos
63 - 5.6.10 Escalators
63 - 5.6.11 Canopies
64 - 5.6.12 Roof overhang
64 - 5.6.13 Exterior docks and platforms
64 - 5.6.14 Covered balconies
64 - 5.6.15 Enclosed paint lines, drying ovens, drying enclosures
64 - 5.6.16 Spray booths
64 - 5.6.17 Oil and flammable liquid hazards
64 - 5.6.18 Commercial type cooking equipment and associated ventilation systems
65 - 5.6.19 Air-handling plant
65 - 5.6.20 Computer and other electronic equipment areas
65 - 5.7 OBSTRUCTIONS BELOW SPRINKLERS
65 - 5.7.1 General
65 - 5.7.2 Overhead platform
65 - 5.7.3 Ducts and bulkheads
65 - 5.7.4 Suspended ceilings
65 - 5.7.5 Hoods over papermaking machines
65 - 5.7.6 Storage racks
66 - 5.7.7 Storage fixtures of solid and slatted shelved construction
66 - 5.8 FILM AND TELEVISION PRODUCTION STUDIOS
66 - 5.8.1 Overhead platforms and walkways
66 - 5.8.2 Concealed spaces and cavities
66 - 5.9 THEATRES AND MUSIC HALLS (protection on the stage side of the proscenium wall)
66 - 5.10 COLD STORAGE WAREHOUSE
66 - 5.10.1 General
67 - 5.10.2 Piping within the cold chamber
68 - SECTION 6 SPRINKLERS, SPRAYERS AND MULTIPLE CONTROLS
68 - 6.1 GENERAL
68 - 6.2 TYPES OF SPRINKLERS, SPRAYERS AND MULTIPLE CONTROLS
68 - 6.2.1 Sprinklers
69 - 6.2.2 Sprayers
69 - 6.2.3 Multiple controls
69 - 6.2.4 Residential sprinkler
69 - 6.2.5 Extended coverage sprinkler
69 - 6.2.6 Large drop sprinkler
69 - 6.2.7 Early suppression fast response
69 - 6.3 SPRINKLER K FACTORS, ORIFICE AND THREAD SIZES
70 - 6.4 APPLICATION OF SPRINKLER TYPES
70 - 6.5 TEMPERATURE RATINGS
70 - 6.6 COLOUR CODING
70 - 6.7 STOCK OF REPLACEMENT SPRINKLERS
71 - 6.8 ANTI-CORROSION TREATMENT OF SPRINKLERS
71 - 6.9 SPRINKLER GUARDS
71 - 6.10 ESCUTCHEON PLATE ASSEMBLIES
71 - 6.11 PROTECTION AGAINST FROST
72 - SECTION 7 PIPING
72 - 7.1 PIPE AND PIPE FITTING
72 - 7.2 HYDRAULIC TEST PRESSURE
72 - 7.3 PIPING IN UNSPRINKLERED BUILDINGS
72 - 7.4 HAZARDOUS PROCESSES AND EXPLOSION HAZARD SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS CONCERNING PIPING AND VALVES
72 - 7.5 SLOPE OF PIPES FOR DRAINAGE
72 - 7.6 LOW LEVEL DRAINAGE
73 - 7.7 PIPE SIZES
73 - 7.8 ORIFICE PLATES
73 - 7.9 SUPPORT OF SPRINKLER PIPING
74 - SECTION 8 VALVES AND ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT
74 - 8.1 CONTROL ASSEMBLIES
74 - 8.2 STOP VALVES
74 - 8.2.1 General
74 - 8.2.2 Main stop valves
74 - 8.2.3 Stop valves controlling water supplies
74 - 8.2.4 Subsidiary stop valves
75 - 8.3 BLOCK PLAN
75 - 8.4 LOCATION PLATE
76 - 8.5 EMERGENCY INSTRUCTIONS
76 - 8.6 NON-RETURN (BACK PRESSURE) VALVES
76 - 8.7 ALARM VALVES
76 - 8.7.1 Alarm valves (wet)
76 - 8.7.2 Alarm valves (dry)
77 - 8.7.3 Composite alarm valves
77 - 8.7.4 Identification of alarm valves and alarm gongs
77 - 8.7.5 Accelerators or exhaustersf or alarm valves (dry system)
77 - 8.8 PRESSURE-REDUCING VALVES
77 - 8.9 DELUGE AND PRE-ACTION VALVES
77 - 8.9.1 Deluge valves
77 - 8.9.2 Pre-action valves
77 - 8.10 ALARM DEVICES
77 - 8.10.1 General
77 - 8.10.2 Prevention of false alarms
78 - 8.10.3 Local water motor alarms
78 - 8.10.4 Direct bridge alarms
78 - 8.10.5 Pressure switches
79 - 8.10.6 Testing of alarm devices
79 - 8.11 REMOTE TEST VALVES
80 - 8.12 PRESSURE GAUGES
81 - SECTION 9 LIGHT HAZARD CLASS SYSTEMS
81 - 9.1 DESIGN DATA
81 - 9.2 WATER SUPPLIES
81 - 9.2.1 Pressure and flow requirements
81 - 9.2.2 Minimum capacity of water supplies
82 - 9.2.3 Pumps
82 - 9.2.4 Proving of water supplies
82 - 9.3 SPACING OF SPRINKLERS
82 - 9.3.1 Maximum area coverage per sprinkler
83 - 9.3.2 Maximum distance between sprinklers on range pipes and between adjacent rows of sprinklers
83 - 9.3.3 Maximum distance from walls and partitions
83 - 9.4 SYSTEM COMPONENTS
83 - 9.4.1 Sprinklers
83 - 9.4.2 Piping
85 - 9.5 SYSTEM DRAINAGE
86 - SECTION 10 ORDINARY HAZARD CLASS SYSTEMS
86 - 10.1 DESIGN DATA
86 - 10.2 WATER SUPPLIES
86 - 10.2.1 Pressure and flow requirements
86 - 10.2.2 Minimum capacity of water supplies
89 - 10.2.3 Pumps
89 - 10.2.4 Proving of water supplies
89 - 10.3 SPACING OF SPRINKLERS
89 - 10.3.1 Maximum area coverage per sprinkler
89 - 10.3.2 Maximum distance between sprinklers on range pipes and between adjacent rows of sprinklers
89 - 10.3.3 Maximum distance from walls and partitions
89 - 10.4 SYSTEM COMPONENTS
89 - 10.4.1 Sprinklers
89 - 10.4.2 Piping
94 - 10.5 SYSTEM DRAINAGE
95 - SECTION 11 HIGH HAZARD CLASS SYSTEMS
95 - 11.1 DESIGN DATA
95 - 11.1.1 General
95 - 11.1.2 Process risks
95 - 11.1.3 High piled storage risks
100 - 11.1.4 Type of system
105 - 11.2 WATER SUPPLIES
105 - 11.2.1 Pressure and flow requirements
106 - 11.2.2 Minimum capacity of water supplies
108 - 11.2.3 Pumps
108 - 11.2.4 Proving of water supplies
108 - 11.3 SPACING OF SPRINKLERS
108 - 11.3.1 Maximum distance between sprinklers
108 - 11.3.2 Maximum distance between sprinklers on range pipes and between adjacent rows of sprinklers
109 - 11.3.3 Maximum distance from walls and partitions
109 - 11.4 SYSTEM COMPONENTS
109 - 11.4.1 Sprinklers
109 - 11.4.2 Piping
111 - 11.5 SYSTEM DRAINAGE
119 - SECTION 12 FULL HYDRAULIC CALCULATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
119 - 12.1 GENERAL
119 - 12.2 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR DENSITY OF DISCHARGE
119 - Method 1
119 - Method 2
119 - 12.3 ASSUMED AREA OF OPERATION
119 - 12.4 SPRINKLERS IN OPERATION
120 - 12.5 POSITION OF ASSUMED AREA OF OPERATION
120 - 12.5.1 Hydraulically most unfavourable area of operation
121 - 12.5.2 Hydraulically most favourable area of operation
121 - 12.6 SHAPE OF ASSUMED AREA OF OPERATION
121 - 12.6.1 Hydraulically most unfavourable area of operation
122 - 12.6.2 Hydraulically most favourable area of operation
122 - 12.7 WATER SUPPLIES
122 - 12.8 PUMPSETS
122 - 12.8.1 General
122 - 12.8.2 Maximum flow rate
122 - 12.9 CALCULATION OF PRESSURE LOSS IN PIPES
123 - 12.10 PRESSURE LOSSES
123 - 12.10.1 Fitting and valves
125 - 12.10.2 Dry pendent (or upright) sprinklers
125 - 12.11 ACCURACY OF CALCULATIONS
125 - 12.12 MINIMUM SPRINKLER DISCHARGE PRESSURE
125 - 12.13 MINIMUM PIPE SIZES
126 - 12.14 VELOCITY LIMITATION
126 - 12.15 VELOCITY PRESSURE
126 - 12.16 IDENTIFICATION OF FULLY HYDRAULICALLY CALCULATED SYSTEMS
140 - APPENDIX A - REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
142 - APPENDIX B - WIRING SYSTEMS RATING
144 - APPENDIX C - ORIFICE PLATES
147 - APPENDIX D - PIPING INTERPRETATIONS
150 - APPENDIX E - COMPLETION CERTIFICATE
153 - INDEX
157 - RECORD OF AMENDMENTS