NCSL RISP 1 : 2017

Preface
Permission to reproduce
Disclaimer
1 Introduction
2 Principle of the intrinsic standards
  2.1 Voltage standards and the Josephson effect
  2.2 Array design
3 The Josephson voltage standard system
  3.1 Cryogenic system
  3.2 Bias system
  3.3 Frequency-stabilized microwave source
  3.4 Measurement loop
  3.5 Computer for system control
  3.6 Standards
4 Setup, data acquisition, and data analysis
  4.1 Manual or automatic system
  4.2 Setup procedures
  4.3 Example calibration algorithm
  4.4 Calculation of the reference voltage
  4.5 Other calibration algorithms
5 Uncertainty
  5.1 Zero-offset uncertainty
  5.2 Josephson-voltage uncertainty due to frequency
  5.3 Uncertainty due to leakage
  5.4 Uncertainty due to the device under test
  5.5 Example uncertainty for a single measurement
  5.6 Calibration reports for Zener reference standards
  5.7 Projecting Zener performance between calibrations
6 Quality control
  6.1 Check standards
  6.2 Uncertainty evaluations
  6.3 Comparisons
  6.4 Accreditation by peer review
  6.5 Operator competence
  6.6 System digital voltmeter
  6.7 Software
  6.8 Daily routine
7 Traceability
  7.1 Value of physical constants
  7.2 Other standards that feed into the Josephson voltage
      standard
8 References
Appendix A Abbreviations and symbols
Appendix B Bibliography
Appendix C Maintenance and troubleshooting
Appendix D Example I-V curves
Appendix E Operator training exercise