NFPA 660:2025

Chapter 1 Administration 1.1 Scope. 1.2 Purpose. 1.3 Application. 1.4 Retroactivity. 1.5 Equivalency. 1.6 Conflicts. 1.7 Units and Formulas. Chapter 2 Referenced Publications 2.1 General. 2.2 NFPA Publications. 2.3 Other Publications. 2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections. Chapter 3 Definitions 3.1 General. 3.2 NFPA Official Definitions. 3.3 General Definitions. Chapter 4 General Requirements 4.1 General. 4.2 Objectives. Chapter 5 Hazard Identification 5.1 Responsibility. 5.2 Screening for Combustibility or Explosibility. 5.3 Self-Heating and Reactivity Hazards. 5.4 Combustibility and Explosibility Tests. 5.5 Sampling. Chapter 6 Performance-Based Design Option 6.1 General Requirements. 6.2 Risk Component and Acceptability. 6.3 Performance Criteria. 6.4 Design Scenarios. 6.5 Evaluation of Proposed Design. Chapter 7 Dust Hazards Analysis (DHA) 7.1 General Requirements. 7.2 Criteria. 7.3 Methodology. Chapter 8 Management Systems 8.1 Retroactivity. 8.2 General. 8.3 Operating Procedures and Practices. 8.4 Housekeeping. 8.5 Hot Work. 8.6 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). 8.7 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance. 8.8 Training and Hazard Awareness. 8.9 Contractors. 8.10 Incident Investigation. 8.11 Management of Change. 8.12 Operational Readiness Review (ORR). 8.13 Documentation Retention. 8.14 Management Systems Review. 8.15 Employee Participation. Chapter 9 Hazard Management: Mitigation and Prevention 9.1 Inherently Safer Designs. (Reserved) 9.2 Risk Assessment. 9.3 Building Design. 9.4 Equipment Design. 9.5 Dust Control. 9.6 Ignition Source Control. 9.7 Pyrophoric Dusts. (Reserved) 9.8 Explosion Prevention and Protection. 9.9 Fire Protection. Chapter 10 Emergency Planning and Response 10.1 Retroactivity. 10.2 Emergency Response Plan. 10.3 Reserved. Chapter 11 Reserved Chapter 12 Reserved Chapter 13 Reserved Chapter 14 Reserved Chapter 15 Reserved Chapter 16 Reserved Chapter 17 Reserved Chapter 18 Reserved Chapter 19 Reserved Chapter 20 Reserved Chapter 21 Agricultural and Food Processing 21.1 Administration. 21.2 Reserved. 21.3 Reserved. 21.4 General Requirements. 21.5 Hazard Identification. 21.6 Reserved. 21.7 Dust Hazards Analysis (DHA). 21.8 Management Systems. 21.9 Hazard Management: Mitigation and Prevention. 21.10 Emergency Planning and Response. Chapter 22 Combustible Metals 22.1 Administration. 22.2 Reserved. 22.3 Reserved. 22.4 Reserved. 22.5 Hazard Identification. 22.6 Reserved. 22.7 Hazards Analysis. 22.8 Management Systems. 22.9 Hazard Management: Mitigation and Prevention. 22.10 Emergency Planning and Response. 22.11 Reserved. 22.12 Reserved. 22.13 Reserved. 22.14 Nanometal Powders 22.15 Additive Manufacturing 22.16 Alkali Metals. 22.17 Legacy Metals. Chapter 23 Sulfur 23.1 Administration. 23.2 Reserved. 23.3 Reserved. 23.4 General Requirements. 23.5 Reserved. 23.6 Reserved. 23.7 Dust Hazards Analysis (DHA). 23.8 Management Systems. 23.9 Hazard Management: Mitigation and Prevention. 23.10 Reserved. 23.11 Handling of Liquid Sulfur at Normal Handling Temperatures. 23.12 Handling of Liquid Sulfur and Sulfur Vapor at Temperatures Above 309°F (154°C). Chapter 24 Wood Processing and Woodworking Facilities 24.1 Administration. 24.2 Reserved. 24.3 Reserved. 24.4 Reserved. 24.5 Hazard Identification. 24.6 Reserved. 24.7 Process and Dust Hazards Analysis. 24.8 Management Systems. 24.9 Hazard Management: Mitigation and Prevention. 24.10 Emergency Planning and Response. 24.11 Thermal Oil Heating Systems. 24.12 Storage. 24.13 Special Considerations. (Reserved) Chapter 25 Combustible Dusts and Particulate Solids Not Otherwise Specified 25.1 Administration. 25.2 Reserved. 25.3 Reserved. 25.4 Reserved. 25.5 Hazard Identification. 25.6 Reserved. 25.7 Dust Hazards Analysis (DHA). 25.8 Management Systems. 25.9 Hazard Management: Mitigation and Prevention 25.10 Reserved. Annex A Explanatory Material Annex B Dust Hazards Analysis — Example (CMD-FUN) Annex C Accumulated Fugitive Dust (CMD-FUN) Annex D Supplementary Information on Fire Protection (CMD-AGR) Annex E Supplementary Information on Fumigation (CMD-AGR) Annex F Employee Health and Safety (CMD-AGR) Annex G Schematics of Typical Pneumatic Conveying Installations (CMD-AGR) Annex H Checklist for Dust Hazards Analysis — Example for an Existing Facility (CMD-AGR) Annex I Electrically Conductive Floors (CMD-CMM) Annex J Supplementary Information on Magnesium (CMD-CMM) Annex K Design for Dust Concentration Control in Ductwork (CMD-CMM) Annex L Supplementary Information on Tantalum (CMD-CMM) Annex M Supplementary Information on Titanium (CMD-CMM) Annex N Supplementary Information on Zirconium (CMD-CMM) Annex O Extinguishing Agents That Should Not Be Used on Lithium Fires (CMD-CMM) Annex P Testing for Detailed Characterization of Explosive Behavior of Materials (CMD-CMM) Annex Q Explosion Protection (CMD-HAP) Annex R Informational Primer on Spark Detection and Extinguishing/Diversion Systems (CMD-HAP) Annex S Dust Layer Characterization and Precautions (CMD-HAP) Annex T Deflagration Propagation Isolation Methods (CMD-HAP) Annex U Use of Water as Extinguishing Agent for Combustible Particulate Solids (CMD-HAP) Annex V Guide for Computing Thermal Dose to Personnel from Flash Fires and Building Compartment Deflagrations(CMD-FUN) Annex W Conveying System Isolation (CMD-WOO) Annex X Automatic Water Spray Deluge Protection for Dryer Systems (CMD-WOO) Annex Y Combustible Dust Test Data Annex Z Informational References

This standard addresses the fire, flash fire, and explosion hazards of combustible dusts and particulate solids.